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How to Read

How to Read Job

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We often turn to the book of Job when we encounter suffering. We look for an explanation for the questions "Why me?" or "Why her?" But what if it turns out that although Job does suffer, the book is not really about his suffering? If ever a book needed a "How to Read" instruction manual, it is the book of Job. And when two respected Old Testament scholars team up both of whom have written commentaries on Job we have a matchless guide to reading and appreciating the book. From their analysis of its place in the wisdom literature of the Bible and the ancient Near East to their discussions of its literary features and relationship to history, Walton and Longman give us the best of their expertise. They explore the theology of Job, placing it within Israelite religion and Old Testament theology. And they coach us in how to read Job as Christians. When it turns out the book is not what we thought it was, our reading is richly layered and more satisfying. Whether you are preparing for preaching, teaching, leading a Bible study, studying for a class or for personal enrichment, How to Read Job is your starting point."

Mass Market Paperback

First published November 2, 2015

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About the author

John H. Walton

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John H. Walton (PhD, Hebrew Union College) is professor of Old Testament at Wheaton College Graduate School. He is the author or coauthor of several books, including Chronological and Background Charts of the Old Testament; Ancient Israelite Literature in Its Cultural Context; Covenant: God’s Purpose, God’s Plan; The IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament; and A Survey of the Old Testament.

Librarian Note: There is more than one author in the ŷ database with this name. See:

John H. Walton, Agriculture
John H. Walton, ceramics.

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Displaying 1 - 21 of 21 reviews
Profile Image for Demetrius Rogers.
417 reviews75 followers
May 19, 2021
This was amazing! However, Walton and Longman deconstruct a lot of what I assume Job to be. Probably a bit too much, in my opinion. I don't even think they believe that Job was a historical person. However, I found their summary of the message of the book to be outstanding and extremely helpful. The authors are gifted teachers, who know how to package their material clearly and reasonably.

Here's a few of my takeaways for life and ministry.
1. The book of Job is not about Job, it’s about God.
2. The book of Job shows that life isn’t based on Justice, but on God’s wisdom.
3. The book isn’t intended to be comfort, as much as it is preparation.

The book of Job is not about Job, it’s about God.

“The book of Job, despite it’s title, is not about Job� (57). Many people get so transfixed with Job. Why did this innocent man have to go through so much? But if you look closely at the way the book is framed. It’s not about Job’s suffering, it’s about God’s wisdom. The main question of the book focuses on how God runs the world (15). God’s policies are under investigation. Is it good policy that God should allow “righteous� people to suffer? Job happens to be the test case. But God is the subject matter. Once we can adjust our focus on him, we can read the book the way it’s intended to be read.

The book of Job shows that life isn’t based on Justice, but on God’s wisdom.

The authors point out that the book of Job strikes down the notion of the retribution principle. Good things happen to good people, and bad things happen to bad people. But this book shows us that life does not always stay within those categories. That might seem unjust, but that’s the very point the book makes. Justice is not the foundation for how the world works. That would be too simplistic. Justice is not the basis for the occurrences of life, but God’s wisdom. (24) “Given a fallen world, perfect justice is not attainable� (97).

I’ve been doing a lot of thinking about justice in the light of the recent racial tensions. There’s a cry going up for racial justice, and an innate belief that the universe bends towards justice. We all celebrate Martin Luther King’s words, “the arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends toward justice.� But is that true? Always? Should we expect the arc to bend this side of a fallen world? Job helps us negotiate life when it doesn’t. And rather than defending God’s justice, this book defends God's wisdom (104). There is a difference between theodicy, and theology. Job is doing the latter, rather than doing the former.

The book of Job is not so much about comfort, it’s about preparation.

When a friend or loved one is going through a time of suffering or loss, the book of Job may not offer a lot of answers, or, even for that matter, much comfort. What it does provide, however, is training for crisis. The authors put it this way, “The book of Job provides the opportunity for training our minds to maintain spiritual flexibility and to act instinctively when the need arises� (170). I like how the authors say it: “spiritual flexibility.� Job does not offer answers, therefore in the light of who God is we are given the opportunity to trust when answers don’t come easy. This trains us how to think well about God when the disasters of life strike. (19)
Profile Image for Brad Strelau.
13 reviews5 followers
June 25, 2019
Challenging to so much of what I have learned about the purpose and point of Job. Great book for those willing to challenge a traditional evangelical read and understand Job in its original context and message regarding the character of the world and the wise God who made and sustains it!
Profile Image for Joshua Rodriguez.
94 reviews11 followers
July 17, 2019
This book isn’t bad, but I think it is severely flawed. While the author tried to convince me that Job was wrong for questioning and complaining to God while being guilty of self-righteousness, I couldn’t have disagreed more. The Bible is full of righteous people wrestling with God and being blessed for it. Let’s not forget that Jesus Himself quoted David asking God “Why have You forsaken me?� The views in this book leave no room for Biblical lament and weaken sufferers further. At the end of Job, God verifies Job’s righteousness. He did not find fault with any word Job had spoken. While the author admits this, he does not present an actual argument for this side of the debate. Instead he brushes away these arguments quickly. Aside from this glaring problem, I feel like the author also put extra emphasis on the metaphorical possibility of Job’s historical existence. I tend to be biased on the side of Job’s literal existence mainly because of the multiple times he is mentioned as a historical figure later in the Bible. I feel like he quickly brushed away these arguments also. Besides these two things, the book was well done. I particularly liked how he addressed gleaning science from the Bible. He convinced me that it is foolish to read science onto the Bible (rain cycles, currents, etc.) and that God can reveal Himself to people of simpler times in ways that may be more easily understood without risking errancy.
Profile Image for Elizabeth.
294 reviews
August 30, 2024
Much of this book was thought-provoking and insightful, though there are places where I strongly disagree with the conclusions of the authors. As always, read carefully and prayerfully, exercising discernment.
Profile Image for Shaun Lee.
191 reviews6 followers
June 4, 2018
With the book of Job being a rather unique book in Scripture, most of us would feel daunted at trying to comprehend or much less read it in its entirety. The authors, Walton and Longman III, both whom have published commentaries on the book of Job in 2012, suggest that "the book of Job is more challenging than most books of the bible" (p162). I found this title to be very helpful for the purpose of bible study, teaching and sermon preparation.

As with the other books I've reviewed from IVP's How to Read series, this title is engaging, easy-to-read and digest. Special mention should be given to the amazing brevity in this book; condensing complex theological concepts into an easy to understand manner is a high-level skill that the two professors are highly adept at. I appreciate how clearly the authors write - because they go right to the point without using convoluted jargon, the novice readers, as will the advanced readers, find this book helpful especially in situations whereby time is of the essence. Especially useful also is how, when discussing a theological theme of the book, the authors would note down in bullet points every corresponding passage from Job (and the Wisdom Literature).

The standout chapters would be "Theology of suffering in the book of Job" (Chapter 15) that addresses the main theological thrust, "Job and Jesus" (Chapter 17) whereby great pointers are given on how we can avoid forcing a Christological typology on the text and "Applying the book of Job" (Chapter 20), which has a self-explanatory title.

The most useful piece of advice I have gleaned from the book would be: "When I learn of a friend or loved one who has entered some sort of crisis through loss or illness, my first response is not to tell them they should read the book of Job for comfort. The message of the book is more suited to training for crises than to performing in a crisis." (p170).

A few years ago, I sat for an introductory class on the Wisdom Literature under a seminary lecturer. To my surprise and utmost pleasure, I found that I agreed with Walton and Longman III's positions more often than I did my lecturer's, whose material was along the lines of the more traditional positions. I appreciated how the clear, robust and persuasive journey through the text prompted me to re-examine my theological assumptions and positions.

However, while I enjoyed the read, there were some chapters (eg. Chapter 18's The message of the book of Job for today) that I felt were too brief and were insufficiently elaborated/explained for a reader to understand and re-communicate to another person. Also, once we move onto Part Two (Getting to know the Characters) and Part Three (The theological message), the beginner (and maybe intermediate) readers may possibly find it a challenge to comprehend the material and remain engaged. This reviewer (having rarely read the wisdom literature and corresponding commentaries), far preferred the engaging front matter of the book but struggled to keep on reading in the deeper theologically complex discussions in especially Part Three. Thankfully, the concluding chapters in Part Four (Reading Job as a Christian) were back along the lines of the great quality and easily-understood matter of the beginning of the book. Hence for these two reasons, this title receives a rating of 4 stars.

I received this book from IVP Academic for the purposes of providing an unbiased review. All views are my own.
Profile Image for Kathryn.
560 reviews8 followers
February 11, 2025
I read this as our church's daily Bible reading schedule is working through the book of Job. I wish I had read it before we started Job as it provides a lot of great insight into the themes woven throughout the book. This book would make a great Bible class, as there's a lot to discuss and apply to our modern reading of Job and applications we can make to our own lives.

My only complaint is that there is some repetitiveness, especially regarding the "Theology of Retribution" - which is an important issue to address, but I think we could have done more with less.

One thought-provoking question came up a few times and is worth noting. In Job 1, Satan asks "Does Job fear God for no reason?" (ESV), meaning does Job serve God only because of the blessings God has bestowed. Satan is implying that Job's righteousness is transactional. Take away the blessings, and he will cease to be righteous. The question worth asking is this: do we fear God for nothing? Do we practice righteousness because of what we expect to get out of it (if not in this life, but the next)? Eternal life in heaven is not a bless Satan can take away, but is our righteousness any less transactional if that's the only reason we serve God?

At the end of the book the authors challenge the reader "to have a righteousness that is not based on the benefits we receive but is founded in the worthiness of God." God's worthiness of our respect, our worship, and our righteous living (Romans 12:1) is found all throughout scripture and is enumerated by the Lord himself in Job 38-41. God is good.
Profile Image for Craig.
120 reviews
May 8, 2021
Despite disagreeing with the overall framework of interpretation adopted by the authors in this book, I appreciated the writing and gleaned some insights from it which I am grateful for. The authors argue for a shift in reading Job from focusing on the theme of suffering to one of righteousness ("disinterested" righteousness, as outlined in the prologue to the book and the challenge of the Accuser), and interpret the book along explicitly evangelical Christian lines. Within the framework adopted they are consistent and pastorally sensitive, though sometimes addressing issues which seem pretty disconnected from my own life and conceptions about biblical texts.

I especially appreciated the insight the authors articulated about Job's oath in chapter 31, where he "turns the tables" on God's silence by seeking to make it work for him - God's silence in not striking him down after swearing the oath serving as Job's legal vindication rather than that silence implying his guilt for some unknown sin as Job's friends assume and argue for. Pointing out the shift from dialogue to discourse after chapter 28 was also helpful for me, as well as noting the shift in the intensification in the friends' dialogues with Job from a general argument to a focus on the wicked to explicit challenge of Job himself. Both of the authors have written commentaries on Job, and this book distills much of that work into a more popular and accessible form.
Profile Image for Owen Cottom.
86 reviews
January 28, 2021
Some excellent insights (particularly the perspective on Behemoth & Leviathan - I’d never heard Behemoth as a picture of Job & Leviathan as a picture of God but found it very compelling). Helpfully grounds the book in it’s ancient context and draws out some great implications for questions of righteousness and suffering. Found it to be slightly weak in points on things like God’s sovereignty, but incredibly stimulating throughout.
Profile Image for Johann.
24 reviews
October 29, 2022
Some very helpful insights but, ultimately, the disconnect between God's wisdom and justice that these authors see is too difficult to reconcile with the rest of scripture, in which God orders "all things [...] for the good of those who love him". If his wisdom is not achieving his justice then what end is it serving? This is especially evinced by their suggestion of a non-ordered realm that is governed cosmologically but not morally by God (cf. Gen. 50:19-20).
Profile Image for Beza.
38 reviews4 followers
January 7, 2025
It was a very frustrating book to read which shouldn’t be surprising for anyone who has read the book of Job.

My major frustration was with the fact that they spent too much time identifying what the book of Job is NOT about rather than what it is about.

Obviously, they don’t think the book of Job is a real story which makes a lot of Christians clutch their pearls. But as for me and my house, “sure, I guess.�

Your kingdom come(not mine).
646 reviews
May 4, 2024
Although I have read Job and hear its lessons preached on a regular basis, it was not until I read this book did I learn as much about Job from reading just the text. How does God order and rule the world. This is a book about God's wisdom and justice. A well done explanation of Job and a great primer for anyone who has ever herd of this great book in the Bible.
1,251 reviews14 followers
April 24, 2018
Is Job a comforting book for people who are suffering? And is it meant to be?(Spoiler alert for both: No.) What was, and therefore is it then? Two scholars do the original text justice by explaining how it played to its original audience and then parse out applications for modern Christians.
Profile Image for Dominic Venuso.
82 reviews3 followers
August 30, 2021
Great introduction to Job. His approach to the three key tensions is clear and provides a great framework for getting students to understand the perspective and interchange of the various speakers in the book.
4 reviews
April 27, 2024
Outstanding!

This book has really helped me very deeply on do many many levels. Not just in terms of truly understanding the book of Job but within the wider context of both the old testament and as a Christian. I would definitely recommend this book!
Profile Image for Andrew.
Author19 books46 followers
July 14, 2016
Here's what many people know about the Old Testament book of Job.
1. Job is on trial.
2. The book is primarily about suffering.
3. Job's hope for a redeemer foreshadows Christ.
4. God puts Job in his place at the end of the book, telling Job that God is God and Job is decidedly not.
All of those points, however, according to John Walton and Tremper Longman are quite mistaken. In How to Read Job they tell us that actually:
1. God is on trial, not Job.
2. The key question is not suffering but whether God operates by the retribution principle; that is, does God run the world with a one-to-one correspondence between right behavior and blessing as well as between wrong behavior and punishment?
3. Job is looking for someone to vindicate him as righteous, not someone to redeem him for his wrongdoing.
4. Instead of overwhelming and intimidating Job at the end of the book, God is saying, "Since I am a wise and powerful God, you can trust me even when you don't understand what's going on."
One key the authors use to unlock the book of Job is the backdrop of the ancient near eastern view of gods and the world. The book of Job in many ways stands in contrast to the thinking of Israel's neighbors.

In other ancient near eastern religions, people served the gods (who had needs) and were in turn blessed by them. In contrast, Job asserts that he serves God without thought of reward (the main challenge in Job 1:9) and continues to do so even when all blessings are removed. While Job is right that the retribution principle does not hold, Job's mistake is calling God to account, demanding that he be vindicated as righteous. If God submitted to Job's demand, he wouldn't be a God worth worshiping.

So if the book of Job does not explain suffering, what can it do for us? Walton and Longman offer a number of points. Here are two. While there is such a thing as natural consequences, Job comforts sufferers by showing how wrongheaded it is to think that when someone suffers it is always a punishment. As Christians we should not pile spiritual or psychological condemnation on top of the pain that suffering people are already experiencing by saying they must have some sin to confess. Rather we support those who suffer.

Nor should we think God can be manipulated--that is, if we act or pray according to a certain formula, he must respond. A God who could be controlled by us in that way wouldn't be much of a God. Rather God is worthy of our worship. He is blessed, whether he gives or takes away.

What we think we know about Job may be wrong, but this brief and very valuable book is a welcome antidote.
Profile Image for Jimmy Reagan.
855 reviews56 followers
October 30, 2015
Here is a volume designed to help one get more out of reading the Book of Job. Scholars John Walton and Tremper Longman, both authors of larger commentaries on Job, team to make sense of what the Book of Job is means to us.

The earlier part of the book covers issues that you might find in a commentary introduction. Part 1 discusses Job as literature in four chapters. There are interesting things like the structure breakdown (check out the chart on page 21) and a discussion of tensions in Job. I felt the chapter “Is Job A Real Person?� a dud and overlooking the information that would demand him to be a real person.

Part Two gives six chapters on the characters in Job. Despite some interesting observations, the literary angle (characters as devices) was overdone. I could not follow the chapter on Satan at all.

Part Three is where the book blossoms. Explaining the retributive principle, how it could be misunderstood, and the true theological message of Job, all give us much to think about. Trusting God is far more the point than getting answers in this life. The final part on reading Job as a Christian is not, in my judgment, as good as the preceding theological section.

Still, I do not see how you could not be helped by reading this volume before you begin a study of Job. Whether you would agree or not with their conclusions, you would at least know well what the questions are. That is, of course, exactly what a book of this type should do.

I received this book free from the publisher. I was not required to write a positive review. The opinions I have expressed are my own. I am disclosing this in accordance with the Federal Trade Commission’s 16 CFR, Part 255.
Profile Image for K.
14 reviews
March 28, 2022
Comprehensive book on Job covering its background, analysis of characters, theology and daily applications, but expect more on its theological implication as the Chinese name suggested.

The key point is that the wisdom of god is far exceeds logic, which seems to lead to mysticism at the end.
Profile Image for Радостин Марчев.
377 reviews3 followers
June 29, 2016
Най-доброто въведение, на което съм попадал на една книга, която мнозина християни (вкл. пастири) не разбират.
Profile Image for Peter.
387 reviews4 followers
April 16, 2017
A great book. Walton & Longman dig well underneath the surface of Job's story and explore the meaning. Does God rule the world by the retribution principle? Is God capricious? Does Job get an explanation of why his life is ruined? Who is Satan to n the book? Easy to read and follow along. I recommend it.
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