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415 pages, Hardcover
First published September 1, 2004
Two types of blades (or lames) are used to score bread: curved and straight. The curved is appropriate for cutting "ears" in baguettes and oval loaves; the straight blade is used when vertical cuts are made on round or oval loaves. [...] The lame is held so that the razor is at about a 30-degree angle to horizontal.
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Using a straight blade to cut round or oval loaves offers the baker (and consumer) a wide variety of visual possibilities The straight blade is held perpendicular to the loaf [...] Incisions with the straight blade are generally slightly deeper than those made with the curved blade, in order to encourage maximum expansion in the oven [...] [S]trive for symmetry, evenness of line length and depth, and a balanced pattern that not only is pleasing to the eye, but that also encourages good dough expansion. [Scoring Bread, p.72-73]
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After all our efforts at developing a vigorous sourdough culture, we want to be sure it remains in good health for many years. This is comparatively easy in a production bakery, where the cultures are fed and used every day. But what about for those of us who bake just once a week � what strategies can be employed so that the sourdough continues to provide good flavor and good leavening power to the loaves, but does not necessitate twice-daily feedings and the discarding of most of the culture at each new feeding? [...] Let's remember that during the initial phase of developing a culture, we discard a portion of it with every feeding. Why? If, for example, a feeding consists of equal weights of culture, flour, and water, the weight would increase exponentially, so if we had 12 ounces of culture after a first build (four ounces each), that weight would balloon to over 20 pounds after the four build and over 180 pounds after six builds! [Sourdough Maintenance and storage for the occasional baker p432]
A small portion of baker's yeast � up to .2 percent � can be added to a levain dough without any noticeable changes in the bread's sourdough characteristics. This small amount of yeast will have a slight impact on fermentation and loaf volume. On the other hand, some of the formulas contain yeast in the 1 to 1.25 percent range. When using this amount of yeast, bulk fermentation time can be substantially reduced, a factor that might benefit the baker's production schedule. [Levain Breads, p.151]