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Albert Einstein

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Special and general theories of relativity of German-born American theoretical physicist Albert Einstein revolutionized modern thought on the nature of space and time and formed a base for the exploitation of atomic energy; he won a Nobel Prize of 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.

His paper of 1905 formed the basis of electronics. His first paper, also published in 1905, changed the world.
He completed his Philosophiae Doctor at the University of Zurich before 1909.

Einstein, a pacifist during World War I, stayed a firm proponent of social justice and responsibility.

Einstein thought that Newtonion mechanics no longer enough reconciled the laws of classical mechanics with those of the electromagnetic field. This thought led to the development. He recognized, however, that he ably also extended the principle to gravitational fields and with his subsequent theory of gravitation in 1916 published a paper. He continued to deal with problems of statistical mechanics and quantum theory, which led to his explanations of particle theory and the motion of molecules. He also investigated the thermal properties of light, which laid the foundation of the photon.

Best known for his mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2, dubbed "the world's most famous equation," he received "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect". The latter was pivotal in establishing quantum theory.

He visited the United States when Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933 and went not back to Germany. On the eve of World War II, he endorsed a letter, alerting Franklin Delano Roosevelt, president, to the potential development of "extremely powerful bombs of a new type" and recommending that the United States begin similar research. This recommendation eventually led to the Manhattan project. Einstein supported defending the Allied forces but largely denounced the idea of using the newly discovered nuclear fission as a weapon. Later, with Bertrand Russell–Einstein manifesto highlighted the danger of nuclear weapons.

After the rise of the Nazi party, Einstein made Princeton his permanent home as a citizen of United States in 1940. He chaired the emergency committee of atomic scientists, which organized to alert the public to the dangers of warfare.

At a symposium, he advised:
"In their struggle for the ethical good, teachers of religion must have the stature to give up the doctrine of a personal God, that is, give up that source of fear and hope which in the past placed such vast power in the hands of priests. In their labors they will have to avail themselves of those forces which are capable of cultivating the Good, the True, and the Beautiful in humanity itself. This is, to be sure a more difficult but an incomparably more worthy task... "

("Science, Philosophy and Religion, A Symposium," published by the Conference on Science, Philosophy and Religion in their Relation to the Democratic Way of Life, Inc., New York, 1941).

In a letter to philosopher Eric Gutkind, dated 3 January 1954, Einstein stated:
"The word god is for me nothing more than the expression and product of human weaknesses, the Bible a collection of honorable, but still primitive legends which are nevertheless pretty childish. No interpretation no matter how subtle can (for me) change this."


(The Guardian, "Childish superstition: Einstein's letter makes view of religion relatively clear," by James Randerson, May 13, 2008)

Great intellectual achievements and originality made the word "Einstein" synonymous with genius.

The institute for advanced study in Princeton, New Jersey, affiliated Einstein until his death in 1955.

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Profile Image for Rosa Ramôa.
1,570 reviews80 followers
December 27, 2014
"Aquele que apenas lê jornais e, quanto muito,
livros de autores contemporâneos, assemelha-se
a um míope com muitas dioptrias e com
vergonha de usar óculos. Fica dependente dos
juízos e modas do seu tempo, já que nada mais
vê, nem ouve. E o que uma pessoa pensa por si
mesma sem recorrer aos pensamentos e
vivências de outro é, na melhor das hipóteses,
igualmente pobre e monótono. São poucos os
indivíduos inteligentes, com um espírito e
estilo distintos e de bom gosto ao longo de um
século. O que deles se conserva faz parte da
herança mais valiosa da Humanidade."
Profile Image for Gurpreet Pannu.
53 reviews2 followers
November 13, 2013
Albert Einstein the genius physicist as he is popularly known was also an activist in his times on a range of issues from Pacifism, Israel, Socialism, Education etc. This is a rare collection of his essays, letters and speeches compiled in a very systematic manner. The wrong belief that it was Einstein who gave us the atomic bomb is vindicated here, as he only urged the development of the bomb and had no scientific role to play in its formulation.
The perspicacity of Einstein on matters such as a world government and the essay Why Socialism shatters the repudiations made by the U.S Govt on him being frantic and somewhat delusional. In effect this book is a window to the not so publicized side of this profound genius.
Profile Image for Karla Reyes.
45 reviews
April 28, 2015
Me gustó el libro. Una lectura rápida y práctica... la vida del hombre a quien hacía referencia es otra cosa, pero el escrito muy bueno (Y)
"Grandes Científicos: Albert Einstein" de Alejandro Torres por: Editores Mexicanos Unidos.
Profile Image for Maria Ploumaki.
74 reviews12 followers
May 20, 2014
I have no clue about the Relativity theory but Einstein lived through 2 World Wars,he was a Jew and all in all a nnice decent humman.I like that very much.
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