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AÌýthree-tier approach is presented: (i) fundamental dynamical concepts of climate processes, (ii)Ìý their mathematical formulation based on balance equations, and (iii)Ìýthe necessary numerical techniques to solve these equations. This book showcases the global energy balance of the climate system and feedback processes that determine the climate sensitivity, initial-boundary value problems, energy transport in the climate system, large-scale ocean circulation and abrupt climate change.