What do you think?
Rate this book
Zadig and L'Ingénu
One of Voltaire's earliest tales, Zadig is set in the exotic East and is told in the comic spirit of Candide; L'Ingenu, written after Candide, is a darker tale in which an American Indian records his impressions of France
192 pages, Paperback
First published November 30, 1767
23 people are currently reading
608 people want to read
About the author
Voltaire
9,002books4,762followersComplete works (1880) :
In 1694, Age of Enlightenment leader Francois-Marie Arouet, known as Voltaire, was born in Paris. Jesuit-educated, he began writing clever verses by the age of 12. He launched a lifelong, successful playwriting career in 1718, interrupted by imprisonment in the Bastille. Upon a second imprisonment, in which Francois adopted the pen name Voltaire, he was released after agreeing to move to London. There he wrote Lettres philosophiques (1733), which galvanized French reform. The book also satirized the religious teachings of Rene Descartes and Blaise Pascal, including Pascal's famed "wager" on God. Voltaire wrote: "The interest I have in believing a thing is not a proof of the existence of that thing." Voltaire's French publisher was sent to the Bastille and Voltaire had to escape from Paris again, as judges sentenced the book to be "torn and burned in the Palace." Voltaire spent a calm 16 years with his deistic mistress, Madame du Chatelet, in Lorraine. He met the 27 year old married mother when he was 39. In his memoirs, he wrote: "I found, in 1733, a young woman who thought as I did, and decided to spend several years in the country, cultivating her mind." He dedicated Traite de metaphysique to her. In it the Deist candidly rejected immortality and questioned belief in God. It was not published until the 1780s. Voltaire continued writing amusing but meaty philosophical plays and histories. After the earthquake that leveled Lisbon in 1755, in which 15,000 people perished and another 15,000 were wounded, Voltaire wrote Poème sur le désastre de Lisbonne (Poem on the Lisbon Disaster): "But how conceive a God supremely good/ Who heaps his favours on the sons he loves,/ Yet scatters evil with as large a hand?"
Voltaire purchased a chateau in Geneva, where, among other works, he wrote Candide (1759). To avoid Calvinist persecution, Voltaire moved across the border to Ferney, where the wealthy writer lived for 18 years until his death. Voltaire began to openly challenge Christianity, calling it "the infamous thing." He wrote Frederick the Great: "Christianity is the most ridiculous, the most absurd, and bloody religion that has ever infected the world." Voltaire ended every letter to friends with "Ecrasez l'infame" (crush the infamy � the Christian religion). His pamphlet, The Sermon on the Fifty (1762) went after transubstantiation, miracles, biblical contradictions, the Jewish religion, and the Christian God. Voltaire wrote that a true god "surely cannot have been born of a girl, nor died on the gibbet, nor be eaten in a piece of dough," or inspired "books, filled with contradictions, madness, and horror." He also published excerpts of Testament of the Abbe Meslier, by an atheist priest, in Holland, which advanced the Enlightenment. Voltaire's Philosophical Dictionary was published in 1764 without his name. Although the first edition immediately sold out, Geneva officials, followed by Dutch and Parisian, had the books burned. It was published in 1769 as two large volumes. Voltaire campaigned fiercely against civil atrocities in the name of religion, writing pamphlets and commentaries about the barbaric execution of a Huguenot trader, who was first broken at the wheel, then burned at the stake, in 1762. Voltaire's campaign for justice and restitution ended with a posthumous retrial in 1765, during which 40 Parisian judges declared the defendant innocent. Voltaire urgently tried to save the life of Chevalier de la Barre, a 19 year old sentenced to death for blasphemy for failing to remove his hat during a religious procession. In 1766, Chevalier was beheaded after being tortured, then his body was burned, along with a copy of Voltaire's Philosophical Dictionary. Voltaire's statue at the Pantheon was melted down during Nazi occupation. D. 1778.
Voltaire (1694-1778), pseudónimo de François-
In 1694, Age of Enlightenment leader Francois-Marie Arouet, known as Voltaire, was born in Paris. Jesuit-educated, he began writing clever verses by the age of 12. He launched a lifelong, successful playwriting career in 1718, interrupted by imprisonment in the Bastille. Upon a second imprisonment, in which Francois adopted the pen name Voltaire, he was released after agreeing to move to London. There he wrote Lettres philosophiques (1733), which galvanized French reform. The book also satirized the religious teachings of Rene Descartes and Blaise Pascal, including Pascal's famed "wager" on God. Voltaire wrote: "The interest I have in believing a thing is not a proof of the existence of that thing." Voltaire's French publisher was sent to the Bastille and Voltaire had to escape from Paris again, as judges sentenced the book to be "torn and burned in the Palace." Voltaire spent a calm 16 years with his deistic mistress, Madame du Chatelet, in Lorraine. He met the 27 year old married mother when he was 39. In his memoirs, he wrote: "I found, in 1733, a young woman who thought as I did, and decided to spend several years in the country, cultivating her mind." He dedicated Traite de metaphysique to her. In it the Deist candidly rejected immortality and questioned belief in God. It was not published until the 1780s. Voltaire continued writing amusing but meaty philosophical plays and histories. After the earthquake that leveled Lisbon in 1755, in which 15,000 people perished and another 15,000 were wounded, Voltaire wrote Poème sur le désastre de Lisbonne (Poem on the Lisbon Disaster): "But how conceive a God supremely good/ Who heaps his favours on the sons he loves,/ Yet scatters evil with as large a hand?"
Voltaire purchased a chateau in Geneva, where, among other works, he wrote Candide (1759). To avoid Calvinist persecution, Voltaire moved across the border to Ferney, where the wealthy writer lived for 18 years until his death. Voltaire began to openly challenge Christianity, calling it "the infamous thing." He wrote Frederick the Great: "Christianity is the most ridiculous, the most absurd, and bloody religion that has ever infected the world." Voltaire ended every letter to friends with "Ecrasez l'infame" (crush the infamy � the Christian religion). His pamphlet, The Sermon on the Fifty (1762) went after transubstantiation, miracles, biblical contradictions, the Jewish religion, and the Christian God. Voltaire wrote that a true god "surely cannot have been born of a girl, nor died on the gibbet, nor be eaten in a piece of dough," or inspired "books, filled with contradictions, madness, and horror." He also published excerpts of Testament of the Abbe Meslier, by an atheist priest, in Holland, which advanced the Enlightenment. Voltaire's Philosophical Dictionary was published in 1764 without his name. Although the first edition immediately sold out, Geneva officials, followed by Dutch and Parisian, had the books burned. It was published in 1769 as two large volumes. Voltaire campaigned fiercely against civil atrocities in the name of religion, writing pamphlets and commentaries about the barbaric execution of a Huguenot trader, who was first broken at the wheel, then burned at the stake, in 1762. Voltaire's campaign for justice and restitution ended with a posthumous retrial in 1765, during which 40 Parisian judges declared the defendant innocent. Voltaire urgently tried to save the life of Chevalier de la Barre, a 19 year old sentenced to death for blasphemy for failing to remove his hat during a religious procession. In 1766, Chevalier was beheaded after being tortured, then his body was burned, along with a copy of Voltaire's Philosophical Dictionary. Voltaire's statue at the Pantheon was melted down during Nazi occupation. D. 1778.
Voltaire (1694-1778), pseudónimo de François-
Ratings & Reviews
Friends & Following
Create a free account to discover what your friends think of this book!
Community Reviews
Displaying 1 - 30 of 40 reviews
February 8, 2016
Introduction
Biographical Note
--Zadig
--L'Ingénu (The Child of Nature)
Biographical Note
--Zadig
--L'Ingénu (The Child of Nature)
May 30, 2019
If we must have fables, for heaven’s sake let them at least be emblems of truth.
Here are two more tales of Voltaire, one written before and one after the famous Candide. All three center on a young man in love with a beautiful girl, whose love is thwarted as he is tossed about by fortune. Yet in content and tone the three are fairly divergent.
Zadig, the earliest of the tales, is set in the orient of the Arabian Nights. The titular hero is excellent in every way; he is wise, he is dexterous, he is honorable, and he even practices the art of deduction as well as Sherlock Holmes. Yet no matter what he does, misfortune follows close at his heals.
So far the tale more or less resembles Candide. However, Voltaire ends the story on an unexpected note. Zadig’s misfortunes eventually lead him to marry the woman he loves and become king; and the moral is that, as Pope said, all partial evil leads to universal good. In other words, one must trust fate and not presume to denounce bad luck. This is striking because it is the exact moral that Voltaire so mercilessly parodies in Candide. It appears the younger Voltaire was more optimistic.
The last tale, ’IԲéԳ (or “The Child of Nature� as the translator renders it) is about an American native who ends up in Breton and tries to integrate. This tale is more pointedly satirical than Zadig, as Voltaire goes out of his way to mock the hypocrisy of French catholics. In tone this tale is not nearly so lighthearted; indeed, in style it is more novelistic than joyfully silly. The final message is that French society is deeply corrupt and that many misfortunes are simply the result of human wickedness. And as the last sentence of the book tells us: “Misfortune is no use at all!�
Optimistic or pessimistic, these two tales are gems of wit from a humane thinker and a sharp writer. Everything I read of the French imp increases my admiration for him.
December 22, 2022
Two entertaining short stories with the first clearly inspired by The Arabian Nights. A succession of events with humourous irony and witty dialogue, I was reminded of similar tales as told by Scheherazade.
The hero of the second reminds me somewhat of the wild man Enkidu from . There are strong colonial and misogynistic attitudes that some may find uncomfortable.
The hero of the second reminds me somewhat of the wild man Enkidu from . There are strong colonial and misogynistic attitudes that some may find uncomfortable.
August 24, 2023
Everyone needs a jolt of 18th century literature now & again, & this slim volume collecting two Voltaire tales fits the bill perfectly. Outrageous twists & reversals of fortune, irony, tragedy, & comedy all presented without fanfare & indeed with a straightforward nonchalance that can be completely disarming. Fascinating to see the author of Candide work out his thoughts & theories in other stories. Full of the optimism & enthusiasm one would expect alongside a darker sensibility, an awareness of indiscriminate injustice & misfortune. The tone is always light, with a love of innocence & a healthy dash of irreverence. An early chapter in Zadig actually forced me to put the book aside for a bit as I was laughing too hard.
May 11, 2022
This was a 2 in 1 short read of two Voltaire novellas-- Zadig and L'Ingenu. I'll start first with Zadig, which I felt to be a really quick and entertaining read. The chapters were almost episodic, in line with traditional Indian folklore like Akbar and Birbal (in which a witty and good-hearted Minister outsmarts everyone around him, including a somewhat foolish King). The general lessons about Fortune, Destiny, and Fate were quite optimistic, and everything concluded in a rather neatly wrapped bow of a "Happy Ending". L'Ingenu, on the other hand, was a much more cynical take on French culture and religious hypocrisy of the time period. It deals with a Native American man who has travelled to France for the first time, and how his "fish-out-of-water" experiences reveal the corruption and dark underbelly of the country. I was honestly surprised at the lengths to which Voltaire criticized his homeland, but was really impressed at the depth to which he examined taboo topics of the time period (religious doctrine, the monarchy, the corruption of the Church, and the inconsistencies of French society, to name a few).
May 5, 2022
His journeys and the bitter experiences he has experienced and how he ran over his misfortunes beginning with Queen's bitch till how he became king is quite a fascinating story.
These words are impacted me so much at the very beginning of the story
("he did not wish to be always in the right, and he could respect the weakness of his fellow men")
(Misfortune has its uses. How many worthy people in the world have been in a position to say: Misfortune is no use at all!)
These words are impacted me so much at the very beginning of the story
("he did not wish to be always in the right, and he could respect the weakness of his fellow men")
(Misfortune has its uses. How many worthy people in the world have been in a position to say: Misfortune is no use at all!)
September 10, 2021
"In short, I want to be useful, I want to be employed and get on in the world"
Voltaire's Skippy prose is paired with his ever cynical satire very successfully in these two short novellas. I loved L'Ingénu!
Voltaire's Skippy prose is paired with his ever cynical satire very successfully in these two short novellas. I loved L'Ingénu!
February 12, 2024
(i only read ’IԲéԳ)
April 2, 2024
franchement je m'attendais à piiiiire donc petit 3/5⭐️
July 23, 2020
"Truth shines with its own light, and you cannot illuminate the mind by flames from the stake."
December 20, 2008
Quick, enjoyable reads, very much in the spirit of Candide (read previously). Very interesting to see the different ways the Voltaire presented his thoughts on good and evil and religiosity. Would have been more enjoyable to read an edition with footnotes to explain historical context beyond those supplied by Voltaire himself.
April 17, 2011
I'd never read Voltaire before this book, but I've found that he's quite a funny author. I especially enjoyed Zadig, and his misadventures that led him to becoming King. Although, he does tend to portray women in a negative light, the stories are still entertaining, and have lots of meaning, especially when taken in context of the time frame in which they were written and the politics in Europe.
August 31, 2007
Voltaire had two sons:
Candide was naive and amazing, Zadig was ingenuous and good looking.
Candide was naive and amazing, Zadig was ingenuous and good looking.
December 3, 2018
Commentaires :
Zadig met en scène un homme qui lutte avec courage contre sa destinée. Au même titre que Candide, il ne se laisse jamais abattre et retourne le destin qui semble lui être systématiquement défavorable
Résumé :
Voltaire retrace les mésaventures d’un jeune homme victime d'injustice nommé Zadig qui fait l’expérience du monde dans un Orient de fantaisie. Tour à tour favorable et cruelle, toujours changeante, la fortune du héros passe par des hauts et des bas qui rythment le texte : Zadig échappe de nombreuses fois à la prison et aux amendes car il a été accusé à tort. En fin de compte, Zadig est nommé Premier ministre du roi de Babylone, il s’avère être un très bon homme, finalement très apprécié du roi, jugeant justement les gens, et non d'après leurs revenus, comme le faisaient les autres ministres, c’est donc selon une justice équitable que Zadig travaille en tant que ministre du roi. Malheureusement pour lui, Zadig doit fuir le royaume de Babylone à cause de l’amour compromettant qu’il porte à la reine Astarté, découvert par la cour. L’inquiétude de Zadig naît et le pousse à croire que le roi daigne tuer la reine par simple vengeance. Durant son voyage, Zadig rencontre divers personnages hauts en couleur, il connaîtra différents sentiments tels que le désespoir et la souffrance et devra faire face à l’injustice et à la superstition, ainsi qu’aux dangers qui peuplent son errance à travers le monde, en espérant un jour retrouver Astarté. Il cherche à mettre en avant l'injustice qu'il a dû endurer.
Zadig met en scène un homme qui lutte avec courage contre sa destinée. Au même titre que Candide, il ne se laisse jamais abattre et retourne le destin qui semble lui être systématiquement défavorable
Résumé :
Voltaire retrace les mésaventures d’un jeune homme victime d'injustice nommé Zadig qui fait l’expérience du monde dans un Orient de fantaisie. Tour à tour favorable et cruelle, toujours changeante, la fortune du héros passe par des hauts et des bas qui rythment le texte : Zadig échappe de nombreuses fois à la prison et aux amendes car il a été accusé à tort. En fin de compte, Zadig est nommé Premier ministre du roi de Babylone, il s’avère être un très bon homme, finalement très apprécié du roi, jugeant justement les gens, et non d'après leurs revenus, comme le faisaient les autres ministres, c’est donc selon une justice équitable que Zadig travaille en tant que ministre du roi. Malheureusement pour lui, Zadig doit fuir le royaume de Babylone à cause de l’amour compromettant qu’il porte à la reine Astarté, découvert par la cour. L’inquiétude de Zadig naît et le pousse à croire que le roi daigne tuer la reine par simple vengeance. Durant son voyage, Zadig rencontre divers personnages hauts en couleur, il connaîtra différents sentiments tels que le désespoir et la souffrance et devra faire face à l’injustice et à la superstition, ainsi qu’aux dangers qui peuplent son errance à travers le monde, en espérant un jour retrouver Astarté. Il cherche à mettre en avant l'injustice qu'il a dû endurer.
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
November 4, 2020
I was surprised by how much I liked this french classic! One of the reasons for which I enjoyed this book was that it captivated me from the start and at no stage did I get tired of it. I think this is due to the fact that so many events follow one another. The story was comical and entertaining - so my interest stayed put - but on the other hand, it had deep and philosophical themes, which I found fascinating and actually made me love it even more.
“Zadig or Destiny� is an ironic book that allows us to ask ourselves questions about the world in which we live. The author makes us think about many themes about French society which he believed needed improvement. Voltaire wants to shake us up, make us understand certain things. Stories, which seek to develop their readers, particularly appeal to me.
The character of Zadig goes through a transformation throughout the story. He gains wisdom and knowledge; h learns to understand the world in which he finds himself. At first every bit of bad luck upsets him and confuses him, but slowly he discovers the consequences of his actions and learns about Destiny. I enjoyed watching his psyche improve and I believe it could motivate other people to undertake personal growth.
Finally, one of the things that I liked was the very lively pace of this original plot: each chapter focused on a new twist to n the tale and each was as interesting as the last. I don't often read books with so much adventure and turnabouts but this one has convinced me that it can be interesting!
“Zadig or Destiny� is an ironic book that allows us to ask ourselves questions about the world in which we live. The author makes us think about many themes about French society which he believed needed improvement. Voltaire wants to shake us up, make us understand certain things. Stories, which seek to develop their readers, particularly appeal to me.
The character of Zadig goes through a transformation throughout the story. He gains wisdom and knowledge; h learns to understand the world in which he finds himself. At first every bit of bad luck upsets him and confuses him, but slowly he discovers the consequences of his actions and learns about Destiny. I enjoyed watching his psyche improve and I believe it could motivate other people to undertake personal growth.
Finally, one of the things that I liked was the very lively pace of this original plot: each chapter focused on a new twist to n the tale and each was as interesting as the last. I don't often read books with so much adventure and turnabouts but this one has convinced me that it can be interesting!
July 8, 2021
This is probably only to be recommended to a devoted follower of Voltaire. These are two stories, parables in form, with gentle satire attached.
The eighteenth century French satire does not travel too well to our times.
In "Zadig" the eponymous hero, wise and good, suffers misfortunes both at the hands of fate and of various selfish and self-interested antagonists.
Zadig's story is ended in good-fortune but the abiding lesson seems to be: “They all agreed that things do not always happen in this world as the wisest men would like; but the hermit maintained that no one knows the ways of Providence, and that men were wrong to pass judgement on a whole of which they perceive only the smallest part."
When Zadig describes the passions as "disastrous", "‘No,� said the hermit, ‘they are the winds which fill the sails of the ship. They overwhelm it sometimes; but without them it could not sale. Bile makes us sick and angry, but without bile we could not live. Everything in this life is dangerous, but everything is necessary.’�
"’IԲéԳ" has a satirical form probably more easily recognised by the modern reader. Voltaire satirises Christian practices and beliefs which have no biblical source. The church hierarchy is ridiculed for hypocrisy and debauchery. And physicians are ridiculed for modish and uninterested practices.
The two stories offer gentle critiques of man's foibles, but one must remember how many travails Voltaire suffered for his refusal to accept common orthodoxies.
The eighteenth century French satire does not travel too well to our times.
In "Zadig" the eponymous hero, wise and good, suffers misfortunes both at the hands of fate and of various selfish and self-interested antagonists.
Zadig's story is ended in good-fortune but the abiding lesson seems to be: “They all agreed that things do not always happen in this world as the wisest men would like; but the hermit maintained that no one knows the ways of Providence, and that men were wrong to pass judgement on a whole of which they perceive only the smallest part."
When Zadig describes the passions as "disastrous", "‘No,� said the hermit, ‘they are the winds which fill the sails of the ship. They overwhelm it sometimes; but without them it could not sale. Bile makes us sick and angry, but without bile we could not live. Everything in this life is dangerous, but everything is necessary.’�
"’IԲéԳ" has a satirical form probably more easily recognised by the modern reader. Voltaire satirises Christian practices and beliefs which have no biblical source. The church hierarchy is ridiculed for hypocrisy and debauchery. And physicians are ridiculed for modish and uninterested practices.
The two stories offer gentle critiques of man's foibles, but one must remember how many travails Voltaire suffered for his refusal to accept common orthodoxies.
December 19, 2021
“The more I read, the more I acquire, the more certain I am that I know nothing”…Voltaire
I couldn’t have said it better myself, this quote truly express my feelings while reading Zadig. There are so many important life lessons that are still relevant today. Zadig journey from one chapter to another give tales of wisdom, philosophy, jealousy, love, and much more, which truly amazes me.
Voltaire was so smart, he presented common social issues during his days by injecting them into this philosophical fiction. He did it in a way by mixing Eastern tales with intelligence imaginations and humorous experience. You can tell he was inspired by the “One Thousand and One Nights or Arabian Nights�, which it used to be a trend during his time.
In the second story, the child of nature (’IԲéԳ) Voltaire did point out flaws of the French society, and how a simple foreign human “Huron� can end up in jail instead of being rewarded for his heroism. He also shed lights on the justice system and harsh government rules during his era.
I highly recommend reading this book if you are a fan of Voltaire and his writings.
I couldn’t have said it better myself, this quote truly express my feelings while reading Zadig. There are so many important life lessons that are still relevant today. Zadig journey from one chapter to another give tales of wisdom, philosophy, jealousy, love, and much more, which truly amazes me.
Voltaire was so smart, he presented common social issues during his days by injecting them into this philosophical fiction. He did it in a way by mixing Eastern tales with intelligence imaginations and humorous experience. You can tell he was inspired by the “One Thousand and One Nights or Arabian Nights�, which it used to be a trend during his time.
In the second story, the child of nature (’IԲéԳ) Voltaire did point out flaws of the French society, and how a simple foreign human “Huron� can end up in jail instead of being rewarded for his heroism. He also shed lights on the justice system and harsh government rules during his era.
I highly recommend reading this book if you are a fan of Voltaire and his writings.
August 7, 2023
Zadig 4/5
A fable with twists and turns, moral questions and interesting destinies. Teaches us to “thank our lucky stars� as fate takes interesting turns from high to low. Teaches us to be humble, compassionate, be kind to those in need but also stand up for yourself .
“We find ourselves attracted towards another’s misfortunes, as like attracts like. The joy of a happy man would be an insult to our misery; but two unhappy wretches are like two weak shrubs with lean upon each other and resist the storm.�
L’Ingenú 1/5
So dull, uninteresting, repetitive. I did not absorb anything or care about the characters at all. Weird. Life is too short to bother to read the last 30 pages
A fable with twists and turns, moral questions and interesting destinies. Teaches us to “thank our lucky stars� as fate takes interesting turns from high to low. Teaches us to be humble, compassionate, be kind to those in need but also stand up for yourself .
“We find ourselves attracted towards another’s misfortunes, as like attracts like. The joy of a happy man would be an insult to our misery; but two unhappy wretches are like two weak shrubs with lean upon each other and resist the storm.�
L’Ingenú 1/5
So dull, uninteresting, repetitive. I did not absorb anything or care about the characters at all. Weird. Life is too short to bother to read the last 30 pages
September 21, 2020
I’ve not much to say about this one. This satirical novella has a biblical quality to it, in the sense of haranguing the readers and bestowing upon us wicked sinners the ultimate wisdom, as it were. I can see the appeal, and back in 18th century I might even have found it clever and humorous. Presently, I can’t help but noticing the bigoted and racist undertones. I guess this type of literature is just not my cup of tea. Moving on!
June 23, 2023
If, after reading "Candide", you wish to dig deeper into Voltaire's satirical wit, and plots which reveal the stupidity, greed, lust and cruelty of men in power, then these two tales would certainly be the place to go next.
While the plot of "Zadig" is based on the theme of good governance, "L'Ingenu" satirizes both French religion and court politics. Read to extract Voltaire's wisdom and witticisms, which are for me, the treasures of these prose works.
While the plot of "Zadig" is based on the theme of good governance, "L'Ingenu" satirizes both French religion and court politics. Read to extract Voltaire's wisdom and witticisms, which are for me, the treasures of these prose works.
July 10, 2019
I found Zadig to be just as fast-paced and adventurous as Candide though I preferred Zadig overall, not only because it was a more enjoyable read but also because the characters and the plot were far less tortuous and forced.
Voltaire may not be touted as the best writer of his time, but he is nothing if not a talented teacher -- the kind who you can glean lessons from without him even trying.
Voltaire may not be touted as the best writer of his time, but he is nothing if not a talented teacher -- the kind who you can glean lessons from without him even trying.
February 4, 2019
Las chocoaventuras de Zadig han provocado que recuerde la estrecha relación de los héroes y el destino.
Read
March 28, 2020enlightenment orientalism.
April 17, 2020
There were parts that were hard to read but overall it was a very good tale. It was thought-provoking.
June 28, 2020
شامل دو داستان بلند است كه در ايران به شكل جداگانه تحت عنوان ساده دل ترجمه محمد قاضي و زاديگ ترجمه زهره بهرامي چاپ شده اند. ساده دل نقدهايي بر جامعه آن روز فرانسه است. امتياز واقعي 3.5 مي باشد
July 2, 2022
I really enjoyed these novellas!
October 29, 2022
Lovely.
September 7, 2023
Perfect. I love Voltaire's writing.
November 4, 2024
Two sharp and witty fables featuring irony, hypocrisy and misogyny by an erudite writer translated into modern English. Good reads indeed!
Displaying 1 - 30 of 40 reviews
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get help and learn more about the design.