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The Art Of Game Theory: How To Win Life’s Ultimate Payoffs Through The Craft Of Prediction, Influence, And Empathetic Strategy

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Step into the fascinating world of game theory with The Art Of Game Theory!This expertly written book for beginners will introduce you to the compelling ideas behind strategic decision-making and show you how game theory applies to fields as diverse as economics, political science, and biology - in clear and simple terms.

Whether you're a student, professional, or lifelong learner, The Art Of Game Theory equips you with powerful tools to gain a strategic edge in life.

You'll learn key concepts like Nash equilibria, the prisoner's dilemma, and zero-sum games in an easy-to-understand style.

Learn how to anticipate your opponent's next move, find the optimal outcome, and ultimately get what you want.

For anyone seeking to outmaneuver the competition or simply gain a deeper understanding of human behavior, The Art of Game Theory will prove an indispensable resource. Master the games within the game and win at life's biggest challenges.

From bargaining and auctions to oligopolies and voting, this book covers game theory's extensive real-world applications while making the material enjoyable.

Packed with practical examples and easy-to-understand explanations, this book will empower you to make smarter choices and come out on top.

Don't miss your chance to gain a competitive edge; pick up The Art Of Game Theory and start playing the game of strategic thinking today!

214 pages, Kindle Edition

Published September 15, 2023

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Wisdom University

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Displaying 1 - 8 of 8 reviews
Profile Image for Lloyd Downey.
714 reviews
April 3, 2025
This book, at first glance, doesn’t appear to have an author. It’s written by “Wisdom University�. Well I found this a bit strange and did a bit of extra digging to find that it is effectively produced by a company. And the company employs a whole range of experts and writers to write their books. They also apparently pride themselves on making their work accessible and understandable. And, I think, on this score “The art of game theory� scores quite well. Yes, I had a rough idea what game theory was all about and I’ve read some of the seminal books like the study of multiple versions of Prisoner’s dilemma and the best strategies and stuff about John von Neumann. But this was probably the first book that I’ve read that is dedicated to just Game Theory. And I think they have done a fairly good job of explaining it to me. For my own edification and to help me remember what I’ve been reading I’ve abstracted some of the main take-aways for me below:

“In zero-sum games, typically played by two participants, one side can only win at the expense of the other. .....The best way to differentiate a zero-sum game from a non-zero-sum game is to ask the following question: if one participant loses, is it always the case that the other participant wins?
It’s exceedingly rare for cooperation to be simply based on trust, especially in politics and business. Usually, a penalty must be applied to any competitor who breaks the agreement.
What makes game theory special is the way that our optimal strategy depends on other people’s choices. Were it not for this consideration, game theory could be replaced by a simple expected value calculation.
In sequential games, participants make their strategic choices one by one. In simultaneous games, as you’d expect, all participants make their choices at the same time.
As social creatures, reputation is one of the oldest games that human beings play. This is why you trust an old friend more than a new acquaintance. Not only have you played many different games with your friend over the years, allowing you to learn about their honesty and loyalty, but you expect to interact with them again in the future, making reputation a factor in their decision-making........In the real world, of course, ambiguity reigns. Payoffs and probabilities can be little more than educated guesses.
2. The Dilemma Of Trust
Whenever a situation is structured such that the optimal choice for an individual is not the optimal choice for all individuals to make, some version of the prisoner’s dilemma is likely being played.....It was not until Albert Tucker, a RAND consultant and Princeton mathematician, translated the experiment into a motivating scenario involving criminal confessions that the prisoner’s dilemma earned its name.�.......As they say, marketing is everything.
Technically, depositors who withdraw funds during a bank run are making a selfish decision, but few would cast moral aspersions on them.......The prisoner’s dilemma is a strong argument that selfish behaviour will necessarily preclude socially optimal outcomes....The punishment of free riders essentially results in mandatory contributions to the public good, in other words, taxation.....Social optimums occur when total welfare is maximized. In the prisoner’s dilemma, that is (Cooperate, Cooperate), leading to a total welfare of -2. This is higher than any other state on the table, but, as readers well know by now, will never be reached.
3. The Hidden Chessboard
While [Steve] Jobs was certainly a person of unusual drive and tenacity, starting Apple with his friend Steve Wozniak was a gamble based on prevailing trends, not a decision informed by a clear vision.....Nassim Taleb, dubs the manipulation of ambiguous events into a clear-cut story the ‘narrative fallacy.’⁠....We live our lives forward, but can only understand them backward.....Under price leadership, a dominant firm will set a price, with the rest of the industry clustering around that price as a focal point. While there may not be explicit communication among the firms to fix prices, the result is essentially the same.
4. Making Good Choices
The paradox of choice describes how giving people more choices can, counterintuitively, make them less likely to make a decision.....In its simplest form, using empathy strategically can mean understanding that treating yourself as the sole decision-maker in a situation is unlikely to yield the best results......Many of the initial founders of the field, including the eminent John von Neumann, were advocates for America conducting a pre-emptive nuclear strike on the Soviet Union during the Cold War.� In their view, the clear logic of game theory meant that nuclear war was a mathematical certainty, so the only way to ensure victory was by being the first to attack.....Often, the importance of information in game theory is obscured by the idealized set-ups, where all information is provided.....In real life, of course, this could not be farther from the truth.....Sometimes, strategic thinking can identify a single path forward that is better than all other options. Such a path is known as a dominant strategy, and it is vital that we take advantage of it if we identify one.
5. Sign Language
This inherent suspicion, that people are faking signals in order to get us to believe certain things, is why we pay far more attention to signals that incur significant investment....In truth, what is important about college is not the education that it entails, but the degree that it grants successful students.....With our new signalling framework, we can understand the suit [of clothing] as a signal of professionalism and care.....Certain sparrows, depending on their position in the dominance hierarchy, are known to develop darker plumage on their bodies.......To speed up our information-gathering process and allow us to navigate a complex world, we frequently rely on signals....Signals are a form of communication that indicates some underlying informative content. Signals are rarely direct forms of communication, but are ostensibly done for their own ends.
6. Tactical Retreat
In the markets, it is not enough to merely pick a stock that you think is a wise investment. You need the rest of the market to agree with you in order to drive the price higher. Therefore, one’s opinion is less important than one’s estimation of others� opinions.
As the FT contest highlights, it would be very irrational to assume that everyone is rational. Therefore, all game theoretic tools should be used with humility about the uncertainties of the world around us....Backward induction is the iterative process of starting at the end state and working backward to determine an optimal strategy.
The simple tit-for-tat strategy often results in better outcomes than the selfish strategy that backward induction calls for......In ultimatum games, backward induction would call for the proposer to share a small portion of the pot. In reality, though, this offer would likely be rejected.
7. A Strategic Legacy
John von Neumann co-authored the influential 1944 book Theory of Games and Economic Behavior, which turned game theory from an eclectic mix of results into a systematized field.
Second-strike policy eventually matured into what is known as ‘mutually assured destruction: a strategy initially promoted by RAND that has remained, in some form or another, America’s nuclear policy since the end of World War II.....John von Neumann was an advocate for a nuclear first strike against the Soviets...Thankfully, the advice of the genius was not put into practice, which might be why we still have a world to live in today.
John Nash, at one point a consultant at RAND, invented the idea of a ‘Nash equilibrium� in his PhD thesis. A Nash equilibrium, which describes a situation where no parties can improve their strategy given what their opponents have chosen......Reinhard Selten developed the idea of the ‘trembling hand� equilibrium. This expanded the concept of a Nash
equilibrium to optimize strategies when competitors can sometimes make mistakes.....John Harsanyi contributed significant work to researching games with incomplete information, where competitors do not have full knowledge of their opponents� strategies.
8. Practice Makes Permanent
Just reading information, no matter how it’s presented, is usually inadequate for facilitating long-term retention:
� Game theory is the art of using strategic thinking to make optimal decisions in a competitive environment.....
� Strategic thinking is the approach that underlies decision-making in game theory. It involves clearly defining goals, considering the potential strategies of competitors, and weighing the possibilities of different actions before deciding on the best path forward.
� Signalling and screening is the two-step process by which we deduce information from our environment.
� Backward induction involves determining a desired end state and then evaluating the necessary strategy at each previous step to achieve that end state.
9. Making A Playbook
Regardless of any theoretical knowledge, a human being will ultimately make decisions. At its core, game theory assumes that people are selfish....Even in situations where game theory models altruism, the field assumes that such altruism only occurs because the selfless person derives some emotional benefit from their sacrifice.
Another game theory lesson that can help grow our share of the pie is to embrace taking small risks and making survivable mistakes.....The key insight is to realize that, for most people, spending time modelling and solving these equations is either impossible or impractical.....Instead, we can focus on achieving optimal outcomes through trial and error.
In many ways, the field is simply the art of viewing things from another person’s perspective.
individual benefits and social benefits in game theory have a complicated relationship. While they are not always aligned, empathizing can certainly help us identify situations in which they are.....Research indicates that empathy triggers an altruistic response in people, which induces them to help others.
Not every game is worth competing in........recognizing when certain situations will lead to poor outcomes, no matter how well you think you’ll navigate it, is a vital skill....Sometimes, knowing which games to avoid is just as important as knowing how to play games well.
The tragedy of the commons describes a situation in which people do not have an incentive to take proper care of a shared resource......Leaders and managers should keep this lesson in mind when structuring their organizations. If incentives are not aligned properly, self-interest can easily overwhelm the common good.
10. From Narratives To Numbers
Discovering and defining a Nash equilibrium is the most common way to ‘solve� a game, and thus will be our primary motivation in this chapter.....It goes without saying that strict rationality is rarely observed in the real world. Famously, experimental approaches have shown that people’s preferences frequently violate transitivity and are highly contingent on framing.�
Backward induction involves breaking a game into smaller end states and working backward to come up with a broader solution. While this intuition still holds up, a more rigorous treatment of backward induction involves a concept known as ‘conditionality�.....In game theory, we use conditionality as the tool by which to analyze specific states of a game. By assuming some choice has already been made and conditioning our action set on it, we can look at the payoffs in specific circumstances......Since neither prisoner has a way to improve their payoff by switching strategies, Testify 1, Testify 2 is a Nash equilibrium. As it turns out, every finite game has a Nash equilibrium—but not in the way you might expect.
In order to solve the prisoner’s dilemma, we had to find the best single strategy for each agent. As a result, this is known as a ‘pure strategy� solution. A large class of games, though, can’t be optimized with pure strategy play.
One idea, then, is to play randomly to ensure that our opponent can’t know our move with certainty. Playing randomly by deviating between different strategies is known as ‘mixed strategy� play.....Although many games cannot be solved with just pure strategy play, all finite games with finite agents have at least one Nash equilibrium if mixed strategies are allowed. This famous result was discovered by the eponymous John Nash in 1950. Game theorists have developed several graphical shorthand formats to communicate the basic elements of the game.....The most basic of these is the ‘payoff structure,� a tabular format
For one-shot, two-agent games like the prisoner’s dilemma, the normal form is perfectly suitable. However, adding additional agents or repeated interactions quickly overwhelms a basic matrix.
To model more advanced games, we’ll need to rely on the ‘extensive form.� Extensive-form games are often referred to as ‘decision trees.......However, the action [with a decision tree] appears to be sequential, with prisoner A choosing before prisoner B.
As it turns out, the prisoner’s dilemma results in the same outcome whether played simultaneously or sequentially. Not all games have that luxury, though......Game theory mathematics is a phenomenally deep subject and this chapter only scratches the surface.
The normal and extensive forms are the most popular graphical methods to depict games while maintaining rigor. Simultaneous games can be replicated in the extensive form using imperfect information.
Afterword.....If the Nazis realized that Enigma had been cracked, they would stop using it, and all the work would have been for nothing. Hence elaborate schemes were enacted to indicate that it had not been cracked.�
There is quite a significant mathematical section at the end which explains how one can put game theory into equation form and solve for various solutions or optima. Though I was amused to read that one of the noble prize winners in the field, Henry Makowitz, admitted that he didn’t use the maths himself when it came to his own investing....but he just visualised his grief if it went way down ....his intention was to minimize his future regret.....”so I split my contribution 50/50 between bonds and equities�.
I have not tried to summarise this section .......nor, I suspect, will I be using it in the days ahead. I will be more like Henry Markowitz. It’s just all a bit too hard.
And, one has to wonder, if game theory leads inexorably to the conclusion that a country involved in any sort of nuclear face-off....should adopt a first strike stance. But we would probably not be around writing this if that had actually been adopted. So just how smart is "game theory"?
Overall, I liked the book. Already knew most of the main ideas but there were sections there, like the mathematical material, that was really totally new and interesting to me. Happy to give it five stars and I might look at a few more books from Wisdom University.
Profile Image for Gregory.
Author5 books2 followers
December 1, 2024
a well-rounded newcomer's guide to game theory

“The Art Of Game Theory� by Wisdom University is a comprehensive 210-page guide that introduces readers to the principles of Game Theory and their applications in various fields such as economics, political science, and biology.

The author provides clear explanations of classic Game Theory concepts, such as Nash equilibria and the Prisoner’s Dilemma, and explains each concept by way of practical examples that readers can readily apply to their own circumstances. The book is also refreshing in its approach to exploring empathetic strategy, which stresses the benefits of understanding others� perspectives to inform one's own decision-making � a perspective that is often lacking from academic texts in the field..

Overall, the book should prove to be most beneficial to newcomers to the field of game theory who may be looking for inspiration and new techniques that can enhance their strategic thinking and decision-making skills in both personal and professional contexts.
Profile Image for Yarrow Diamond.
Author5 books
December 17, 2024
I'd give the Art of Game Theory a 3.5 rating if I could. It's a solid introduction to how strategic thinking can help us navigate life’s challenges and blends concepts like prediction, influence, and empathy, showing how game theory can be applied beyond economics and mathematics to everyday decisions, relationships, and negotiations. What makes this book stand out is its focus on empathetic strategy, offering a refreshing reminder that winning isn’t just about personal gain but creating outcomes where everyone benefits.

However, while the ideas are insightful, some sections feel a bit surface-level, leaving readers wanting deeper, more practical examples to fully bring the concepts to life. Overall, it's still a worthwhile read for anyone curious about decision-making strategies and looking for an approachable take on game theory. It may not deliver all the depth a more advanced reader might expect, but it succeeds as a stepping stone into understanding the art of influence and prediction with a human-centered lens.
18 reviews
November 25, 2024
Excited to apply!

“The Art of Game Theory� is a great intro to the world of strategic decision-making. It was easy to understand and broke down complex concepts like Nash equilibria and the prisoner’s dilemma into ideas that, I felt, anyone can grasp. I love the game of chess myself and found it interesting how the author applied similar principles used in the game to life itself. I’d highly recommended it for beginners and lifelong learners alike! now it’s time to try and apply this myself!
30 reviews
December 6, 2024
An insightful guide to mastering game theory. Its engaging style and real-world examples make complex concepts accessible. Perfect for beginners, it equips readers with strategic tools to outmaneuver challenges, anticipate outcomes, and achieve success in any field.
Profile Image for Debra.
122 reviews1 follower
November 8, 2023
Illuminating and informative. This book is an interesting and understandable introduction to game theory with clear explanations and examples.
Profile Image for Wlliam Houwers.
1 review
April 24, 2024
Good read

An important consideration in one's daily decision making. The book does not preach but gives helpful concepts to be considered when decisions have to be made.
Profile Image for Sevdimali Isayev.
9 reviews
May 24, 2024
Good book. Easy to read. Recommend who wants to start learning game theory. Very good introduction into the game theory.
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