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Computation

Computation is any type of calculation that includes both arithmetical and non-arithmetical steps and follows a well-defined model understood and described as, for example, an algorithm.

The study of computation is paramount to the discipline of computer science.

Introduction to the Theory of Computation
Introduction to Algorithms
Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs
Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid
The Art of Computer Programming, Volume 1: Fundamental Algorithms
Code: The Hidden Language of Computer Hardware and Software
Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools
Feynman Lectures On Computation (Frontiers in Physics)
The Art of Computer Programming, Volume 2: Seminumerical Algorithms
Code Complete: A Practical Handbook of Software Construction
Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software
Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation
Quantum Computing Since Democritus
The Maniac
Algorithms to Live By: The Computer Science of Human Decisions

Paul    Graham
If you understand McCarthy's eval, you understand more than just a stage in the history of languages. These ideas are still the semantic core of Lisp today. So studying McCarthy's original paper shows us, in a sense, what Lisp really is. It's not something that McCarthy designed so much as something he discovered. It's not intrinsically a language for AI or for rapid prototyping, or any other task at that level. It's what you get (or one thing you get) when you try to axiomatize computation. ...more
Paul Graham

Jaron Lanier
The reason [James Clerk] Maxwell's Demon cannot exist is that it does take resources to perform an act of discrimination. We imagine computation is free, but it never is. The very act of choosing which particle is cold or hot itself becomes an energy drain and a source of waste heat. The principle is also known as "no free lunch." We do our best to implement Maxwell's Demon whenever we manipulate reality with our technologies, but we can never do so perfectly; we certainly can't get ahead of the ...more
Jaron Lanier, Who Owns the Future?

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