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I know what NA is but what would make a book Upper YA instead of NA or YA? Would love to know what others think!

I think this comes down mostly to what audience ends up reading the book.
If you write a book and consider it, let's say, aimed at people in their mid-20s but people in their early 20s enjoy it (and become the main buyers), is it a book for mid-20s or early-20s?

So, I guess, this is mostly a matter of perspective. That said, I'd say the themes (and how mature or not they are), as well as the age of the main characters, will have an impact.

I think the range of age would have to be considered in NA to YA in fiction writing. Idioms utilized by NA might not be relevant to the YA audience and vice versa, just like pre-teen conversations would be much different from that of the older adolescent. Also, keep in mind the dialect of social groups.

How graphic or in detail do you go about serious subjects (think: violence, sexuality, sex, divorce, various forms of abuse, etc)? The more you describe the more things start to skew older.

What are the characters experiencing? A YA novel about a character fretting about college applications may be geared towards upper YA because that's more relatable to older teens.