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“In writing about Red Guard activists during the Cultural Revolution, Anita Chan has observed that the ¡°playing of a role in China was more than a sociological abstraction. Role-playing involved literal play-acting: a conscious assumption of the mannerisms and ways of speaking appropriate to the activist status and role.¡±187”
― Perry Link, An Anatomy of Chinese: Rhythm, Metaphor, Politics

“More broadly¡ªand not just for activists but for everyone in Mao¡¯s China¡ªzhengzhi biaoxian ÕþÖαíÏÖ ¡®political performance¡¯ was something that could determine job assignments, living conditions, admissions to schools, and a variety of other crucial matters. Biaoxian comes literally from biao ¡®surface¡¯ plus xian ¡®appear¡¯, and this combination of notions puts the matter exactly right. A person had to present the right appearances in public even if they were different from what he or she was feeling inside. The public persona formed of one¡¯s biaoxian was on display in the workplace or at school. It was especially relevant during political study sessions. One had to pay attention to it, craft it, and guard”
― Perry Link, An Anatomy of Chinese: Rhythm, Metaphor, Politics